SAP Certification Notes C_TAW12_71 Part-I

SAP ABAP Certification C_TAW12_71 Topic

SAP NetWeaver Overview

ABAP WORKBENCH USAGE

ABAP DEBUGGER PROGRAM USAGE

ABAP TYPES AND DATA OBJECTS

Internal Table Definition and user

SQL Statements Including Update Strategies

Basic ABAP Programs and Interface Creation

ABAP Dictionary

Unicode

Classical Screen

Selection Screens

ABAP Objects-Oriented Progrmming

ALV Grid Control

User Interfaces ( Web Dynpro)

Class Identification Analysis and Design

Enhancements & Modification

Table Relationships

SAP NETWEAVER - OVERVIEW

1. Sap offers a number of products for companies of all size.

A. SAP BUSINESS ONE
B.SAP BUSINESS BY DESIGN
C. SAP BUSINESS ALL IN ONE
D. SAP BUSINESS SUITE.

2. The ability to include both ABAP database and Java data base in one system with Release 6.40 the name became SAP Net Weaver Application Server.

3. For each SAP system there is exactly one data base.

4. Each instance has its own memory buffer areas.

5. It is possible to access ABAP application from external system using BAPI or RFC.

6. The developed object like screen, program, menu, functional module etc are  all stored in database layer known as REPOSITORY or REPOSITORY OBJECT.

7. In SAP GUI by default we can open 6 sessions.

8. Two way of accessing SAP database table: Native SQL & Open SQL.

9. In a ABAP application server all work process use a common main memory area called shared memory.

10. All work process has the same structure.

11. Work process types:
     a. Dialog
     b. Update
     c. Background
     d. Spool -  Each ABAP AS contain only 1 spool work process
     e. Enqueue -
     f. Message
     g.Gateway

All work process communicates with the dispatcher.
Enqueue & Spool do not communicate with the database.

 

Each work process is composed of the following.

a. Task Handler                            
b. ABAP interpreter
c. Screen interpreter
d. Database interface

ABAP WORKBENCH USAGE

 The Object Navigator has the following browser

Repository Browser
Repository Information System
Transport Organizer
MIME Repository
Tag Browser
Test Repository
ABAP unit Test Browser - new browser added in SAP Netweaver EHP2.
Enterprise Service Browser
Web Dynpro Text Browser
Enhancement Info System

The Repository Browser is one of the menu options in the Object Navigator that is started by default when you execute SE80.

Repository Object is all SAP-delivered objects & customer-developed objects.

We can navigate to Repository Object by the Application Hierarchy

The Repository Information System Browser is to search for Repository object in the SAP system.

The Object Navigator can display only eight browser list at a time.

Three types of ABAP editors
1. Front-End Editor (New)
2. Front-End Editor (Old)
3. Back-End Editor

You can set up to NINE numbered bookmarks and unlimited bookmarks that are not numbered on the editor for fast navigation within the code.

The SAP script editor, Smart Forms editor & Customer Enhancement Project are some of the development tools that are not available within the Object Navigator

Within the Enhance Information System we have the option to display any one
1. Composite Enhancement
2. Composite Enhancement Spot
3.Enhancement Implementation
4.Composite Enhancement Implementation

The SAP system has pre-defined package   ($TMP) to which all the local development object are assigned.

To create a package for we can create

 (a) Main Package
(b) Sub Package.

We create Main Package only if you want to create a package hierarchy.

The software component for a customer package is always HOME.

To create a package in t-code SE21 or SPACKAGE
Software Component
Short Description
Package name
are mandatory.

Package have attribute such as nesting, package interface, visibility & use access.
Nesting allow you to embed packages in other packages
Visibility elements within the package are visible to all other elements within the same package and are always invisible to the elements outside the subpackage
Package Interface Elements within the package can be made visible outside the package by
defining a package interface
Use Access is the right of one package to use the visible element of the other package interface

Package use Interface & Visibility to make their elements visible to other package.

In table PAKPARAM by default the GLOBAL_SWITCH key is set to OFF. To switch on  package check se the GLOBAL_SWITCH  key to RESTRICTED or R3ENTERPRISE.

Repository object and cross-client customization are assigned to Workbench Request
a client-specific customization object are assigned to Customizing Request

There are two types of workbench tasks: Development/Correction & Repair Task

Correction/Development task is used when you change an object that originates in you current system, a Repair is used for an object the was originally created in another system (either SAP or another system in your landscape)

ABAP DEBUGGER PROGRAM USAGE

There are 2 types of debugger.
a. Classic Debugger
b. New Debugger

There are 3 types of ABAP editor
1.Front-End-Editor (New)
2. Front-End-Editor (Old)
3. Back-End-Editor

In Classic Debugger only 8 data object could be displayed and of those, only 4 at one time.
 Only 1 internal table could be displayed.

Debugger obtains exclusive mode and NOT exclusive mode.

The non-exclusive mode is impossible in productive systems.

With the new Debugger we will find 12 work areas.

Variable Fast Display in DESKTOP1, DESKTOP3 & STANDARD
Source Code DESKTOP1, DESKTOP2, DESKTOP3 & STANDARD

With new Debugger we can have 23 tools. The tools are grouped in 4 categories.
1. Standard Tools
2.Data Object
3.Memory Management
4.Special Tools

The Source Code tool shows the code with the Old Front-End-Editor and the Source Code (Edit Control) shows the code with the New Front-End-Editor

You can define watchpoint only within the Debugger.

Classic Debugger , has a limit of 10 watchpoints. In the New Debugger there is no limit for watchpoint.

The default SY-SUBRC & SY-TABIX variable is displayed in the debugger.

The Variable Fast Display tool currently has 6 tab.
1. Variable 1
2. Variable 2
3. Local
4. Global
5. Auto
6. Memory Analysis.

 

ABAP TYPES AND DATA OBJECTS

In ABAP the variables is called data object and is defined by data type.
Data object are always defined with the DATA keywords.
Local data types are defined in the program and Global data types are defined in ABAP dictionary.

Local data types are defined using TYPES statements
Global data types are defined in ABAP dictionary using data elements, type pool or type group.

The "LENGTH" declaration is only valid for types C, N, X, or P.

Data objects can be declared with predefined data types, local data types or global data types.

ABAP contains the following types of data object.

LITERALS:
1. Numeric Literals

2. Text Field Literals
    The text literal can be from 1 to 255 and data type C.
    Trailing space in text field literal are ignored
     Write: 'A text literal'.

 
3. String literals
   The String literal can be from 1 to 255 and data type STRING.
   Trailing space in string literal is not ignored.
   Write: ` A STRING LITERAL`.

CONSTANTS:
CONSTANTS: c_num type p decimal 2 value '12.657',
                        c_city type c  length 10 value 'BELRLIN'.

TEXT SYMBOLS:
Write: text-001.
Write: 'This is an English txt' (002)

 PREDEFINED DATA OBJECTS:    
Predefined data objects are also called system variables.
There are total 171 variables.

Variable declare with DATA statements exist until the runtime of the program.
Variable declare with STATIC statements exist beyond the runtime of the procedure.

There are total 10 pre-defined elementary data types.
There are 8 pre defined elementary data types and 2 variable length data types.

Predefined elementary ABAP Types
Data Type	Description	Default Length	Default Value
C	Character	1	‘ ‘
N	Numeric	1	0
D	Date	8	0
T	Time	6	0
X	Hexa Decimal	1	X’0′
I	Integer	4	0
P	Packed	8	0
F	Float	8	0

The ABAP data type integer (I) always represents a whole number.
Non-integer results of arithmetic operation are rounded, not truncated.

The STRING data type is a variable-length character string. A string can contain any number of alphanumeric characters.

The XSTRING data type is a variable-length hexadecimal byte sequence. It can contain any number of bytes.

INTERNAL TABLE DEFINITION & USE

An internal table can have unique key or non-unique key.

Different type of internal tables'

1. Standard tables.

Standard table must have non-unique key.

 Cannot have unique key and therefore have duplicate entries.

 A standard table is declared using STANDARD TABLE addition.

 e.g DATA: t_std    TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_vbpa.

 You can add data to a standard table by using APPEND statement.

The table can be accessed using key or an index

2. Sorted tables
sorted table can have unique or non-unique key

A sorted table is declared using SORTED TABLE addition.
DATA: t_sorted TYPE SORTED TABLE OF ty_vbpa WITH UNIQUE KEY vbeln.
You can add data to a standard table by using INSERT statement.
But if the table is already sorted then u can use APPEND statement
The table can be accessed using key or an index

3. Hashed tables

A hashed table is declared using HASHED TABLE addition.

DATA: t_hashed TYPE HASHED TABLE OF ty_vbpa WITH UNIQUE KEY vbeln.

The table can be accessed using key. As they do not have index.

Hashed table must always have unique key

Key access is linear search for Standard table

Key access is binary search for Sorted table

Key access is hash algorithm for Hashed table

Internal table can be defined locally and in the

ABAP dictionary as TABLE TYPE. 

As of release 7.0 EHP2 secondary key can be defined in internal table with TYPES & DATA.

An internal table can have up to 15 optional secondary keys with different names.

The table type is an ABAP dictionary type and is defined by specifying

A) LINE TYPE
B) ACCESS
C) KEY 

Access mode for TABLE TYPE
A) STANDARD TABLE
b) SORTED TABLE
C) HASHED TABLE
D) INDEX TABLE
E) NOT SPECIFED

The Line Type for the internal table is defined used TYPE statement & internal table data object is defined using DATA statement.

The Line Type for an internal table with header line must be flat structure
and Line Type for an internal table without header line can be flat structure, deep structure or nested structure.

COLLECT statement can be used to insert lines in internal table. COLLECT statements works only with internal table that have flat structure.

When collect is executed, the system forms a key from the default key fields in the work area. The default key fields are the character fields (types c, n, d, t, and x). Therefore the key is composed of the values from all fields of type c, n,d, t, and x.

The system field sy-tabix contain the index of line inserted or modified in the COLLECT  statement.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: TYPE MATNR.
Field symbols is pointer (pointer known as in C language)

It is important to note that the field symbols point to the table line in the memory.

BINARY SEARCH.
For SORTED internal table the search is always binary, and the addition BINARY SEARCH has no effect.
For HASHED internal table the search is always hash algorithm and there for
BINARY SEARCH is not permitted.
For STANDARD internal table BINARY SEARCH is valid.

 If you cannot provide the full key, then you should use WITH KEY and not WITH TABLE KEY.

e.g. READ TABLE ITAB WITH KEY KUNNR = '12345'.
READ TABLE ITAB WITH TABLE KEY KUNNR = '12345' PSTLZ =' 40012'

You can only sort a standard or hashed table, you cannot sort a SORTED TABLE because by definition it is sorted.